Engineering Content
The purposes of annealing are (1) To soften steel so it can be machined more easily (2) To relieve internal stresses that may have been caused by metalworking or uneven shrinkage in the casting. The process involves (A) Heat slowly to the required temperature (B) Holding at this temperature long enough to allow internal changes…
In the past, a great deal of heat treatment, mainly of tools, was done in a blacksmith’s fire, and even today this method is still used in some places. At best, however, this heating method is unreliable, as for all but small tools the heating is not uniform and, more importantly, estimating the correct temperature…
What are the different Mechanical properties of metals? Following are the Mechanical Properties of Metals Brittleness It is the property of breaking without not too much permanent distortion. It may be due to the fragility of the grain boundaries or the crystals themselves. Cast iron is brittle because its structure is broken up by chips…
Precise relative movement of the tool relative to the workpiece is necessary to carry out the desired machining process. Motion control systems in Numerical Control (NC) machining systems can be categorized into three basic types: point-to-point, straight cut, and contour. 1. NC point to point This type of motion control system is also known as…
The following steps must be performed for the successful operation of the NC machine tool. 1. Process Planning The design of the work to be manufactured must be interpreted in terms of the manufacturing processes that must be performed on the work. The process of interpreting the engineering drawing in the manufacturing process is known…
A more advanced version of the NC system is direct numerical control (DNC) machines where one computer controls multiple machines in real-time. The DNC system is not equipped with the tape reader and therefore increases the reliability of the machining system. The prepared part program is transmitted from the computer’s memory directly to the machine…
CNC, which stands for Computer Numerical Control, is an automation technology utilized in the manufacturing industry. It involves the use of computers to control machine tools. CNC machines are capable of executing precise and intricate movements to cut, shape, and form a variety of materials like metal, wood, plastic, and composites. A typical CNC system…
There are several material removal techniques that are performed using different machine tools. There are wide ranges of cutting tool materials that are used by machine tools. The different material removal techniques involved are: • Material removal with single point metal cutting tool. • Use of multipoint metal cutting tool for material removal. • Abrasives…
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There are mainly two types of charging methods in Automobiles namely constant voltage charging and constant current charging: Constant Voltage Charging: In this method, the charging voltage is kept constant throughout the charging process. In this method, the charging current is high at first, when the battery is discharged, and gradually drops off as the…
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Definition: Batteries use sponge lead and lead peroxide to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. This type of battery is called the lead-acid battery. Lead-acid batteries are often used in power stations and substations because of their high cell voltage and low cost. Construction of lead-acid batteries The different parts of lead-acid batteries are shown…
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All alternators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. According to this act, a conductor, magnetic field, and mechanical energy are required to generate electricity The main parts of an alternator are, apparently, a stator and a rotor. But, unlike other machines, in most alternators, the field exciter rotates and the armature coil becomes stationary….
Definition of Dynamo An electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity. Dynamo construction It consists of three main parts, namely the magnetic field system, the armature and the commutator, and the brush gear. Other parts of a DC generator are a magnetic frame and yoke, pole core and pole shoes, field or…
